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Anne Hébert was born on August 1, 1916 in Sainte-Catherine-de-Fossambault, a small village 40 kilometers from Québec city. Born into a well-respected Québec family, whose ancestors included some of the earliest settlers of New France, Hébert was encouraged in her literary endeavours by her cousin, the poet Hector de Saint-Denis Garneau. The greatest influence on her writing, however, was undoubtedly her father Maurice Hébert, a part-time literary critic who worked for the Québec government. He fostered her desire to write and, through his guidance, provided her with a solid literary education. Having begun writing poems, stories, and plays at a very young age, Anne Hébert found her work being published in a variety of periodicals by the time she was in her early twenties.

Anne Hébert's first volume of poetry, Les Songes en équilibre, appeared in 1942 to good critical response and it was awarded the Prix David. Despite this success, however, the violence in her 1945 story "Le Torrent" and the darkness of her poetry collection Le Tombeau des rois caused Québec publishers to refuse to publish them. When the former was finally published in 1950 and the latter in 1952, it was done at the personal expense of Roger Lemelin and Hébert respectively. In 1954 Hébert used a grant from the Royal Society to continue her writing in Paris, a setting she thought would be more receptive to the style and subject matter of her writing. From that moment on, though she frequently visits Canada, Paris would be her home as well as the location of the publisher of all her subsequent books, the prestigious French publisher Les Éditions du Seuil.

Although Anne Hébert found it necessary to live and publish outside of Québec, it is clear that it remains a source of inspiration to her. Only two of her novels, Les Chambres de bois (1958) and Héloïse, are set in Paris. Her five other novels Ð Kamouraska (1970), Les Enfants du sabbat (1975), Les Fous de Bassan (1982), Le Premier Jardin (1988), and L'Enfant chargé de songes (1992) Ð and her recent récit Aurélien, Clara, Mademoiselle, et le lieutenant anglais (1995) are all rooted primarily in Québec. Hébert has also written six plays. Three Ð "La Mercière assassinée" (1958), "Le Temps sauvage" (1966), and "Les Invitées au procès" (1967) Ð were published together in 1967, while two later plays, "La Cage" and "L'Ile de la demoiselle" were published together in 1990. Hébert's first play, "L'Arche de Midi" remains unpublished.

Hébert is one of the rare writers who is at home in nearly any genre. Although she is perhaps best known for her works of fiction, she may even be a better poet. Certainly, she has been less prolific as a writer of poetry than of fiction, but her relatively small number of works has earned her a prominent place in the canon of Québécois poetry. Hébert's talent as a poet was recognized relatively early in her career. Although she initially had difficulty finding a publisher in Québec for Le Tombeau des rois, when Seuil republished it in 1960 along with a new sequence of poems called "Mystère de la parole," that volume, entitled simply Poèmes, was awarded the Governor General's Award. From that point in her career, though, Hébert seems to have concentrated on writing fiction and it was not until 1992 that she published another collection of poems, La Jour n'a d'égal que la nuit. Oeuvre poétique, a collection of all her works except Les Songes en équilibre, followed a year later.

Fortunately for English readers in Canada and around the world, Anne Hébert is one of the most translated writers from Québec. Two volumes of her poetry, Anne Hébert: Selected Poems (1987) and Day Has No Equal but the Night are still in print, while translations of her plays "La Mercière assassinée" ("The Murdered Shopkeeper"), "Le Temps Sauvage" ("The Unquiet State"), and "Les Invités au procès" ("The Guests on Trial") were published in the journal Canadian Drama between 1983 and 1988 (issues 9.1, 10.2, and 14.2 respectively). Though some translations of her fiction are currently out of print, the following texts have appeared in English over the years: The Torrent (1973, translated by Gwendolyn Moore), The Silent Rooms (1974, translated by Kathy Mezei), Kamouraska (1974, translated by Norman Shapiro), Children of the Black Sabbath (1977, translated by Carol Dunlop-Hébert), Héloïse (1982, translated by Sheila Fischman), In the Shadow of the Wind (1983, translated by Sheila Fischman), The First Garden (1991, translated by Sheila Fischman and winner of the Félix Antoine-Savard Prize for Translation), and Aurélien, Clara, Mademoiselle, and the English Lieutenant (1996, translated by Sheila Fischman). Anne Hébert is also one of the writers from Canada whose work is well known by readers from around the world. Kamouraska, for instance, has been translated into at least seven languages, including Spanish, Italian, German, and Japanese and was adapted for film by Claude Jutra.

Over the course of her nearly sixty year career, Anne Hébert has won many literary awards including the Prix David in 1942 for Les Songes en équilibre, the Prix France-Canada and the Prix Duvernay in 1958 for Les Chambres de bois, the Governor General's Literary Award in 1960 for Poèmes, the Molson Prize in 1967, a second Governor General's Award in 1975 for Les Enfants du sabbat, and the Prix Fémina in 1982 for Les Fous de Bassan.

For her immense contribution to Québécois literature and for the great impact her work has had on Canadian and international readers, Northwest Passages is pleased to recognize Anne Hébert as our feature author for the month of March, 1998.

• Anne Hébert: a selected bibliography

Books by Anne Hebert available from Northwest Passages

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